Realistic Human Exposure at 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz for Distributed and Collocated MaMIMO in Indoor Environments Using Hybrid Ray-Tracing and FDTD

Realistic human downlink exposure at 3.5 and 28 GHz to electromagnetic fields is evaluated for distributed collocated base stations using a hybrid ray-tracing/finite-difference time-domain method. For the first time, absorbed power density computed massive multiple-input multiple-output (DMaMIMO) 6G GHz. The results are compared with 5G stations. Computational costs drastically increased A large analysis realized by speed improvements two configurations. In first, distributions of DMaMIMO BS show clusters low high exposure. These clusters disappear when normalized respect incoming user. second, influence user distance in line-of-sight (LOS) non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios shows expected results. This includes law relationship LOS shadowing NLOS. vast majority quantities less than 4% limits International Commission Non-Ionizing Radiation. Basic restrictions respected reference set their limits. With equal power, contribute 2 3 times Expressed as ratio ICNIRP, basic 5 10 dB lower quantities.